Effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on skin barrier function in guinea pigs with eczema of skin damp-heat accumulation / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on the water content of stratum corneum (WCSC), expression of serum inflammatory factors and aquaporin 3 (AQP3) in skin, lung and rectum in guinea pigs with eczema of skin damp-heat accumulation, and to explore the possible mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion for regulating skin barrier function.@*METHODS@#A total of 24 male albino guinea pigs were randomly divided into a blank group (n=6) and a modeling group (n=18). The guinea pigs in the modeling group were induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to establish the eczema model of skin damp-heat accumulation. The guinea pigs with successful modeling were further randomly divided into a model group, a medication group and an acupuncture-moxibustion group, 6 guinea pigs in each group. The guinea pigs in the medication group were treated with loratadine tablets (0.8 mg/kg) by gavage, once a day for 7 days; the guinea pigs in the acupuncture-moxibustion group were treated with acupuncture at "Feishu" (BL 13), "Pishu" (BL 20), "Quchi" (LI 11), "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Xuehai" (SP 10); at the same time, moxibustion was applied at "Feishu" (BL 13) and "Zusanli" (ST 36), moxibustion intervention for 10 min and needle retaining for 15 min at each acupoint, once a day for 7 days. The eczema area and severity index (EASI) score was evaluated before and After intervention, and WCSC and trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured by skin tester. After intervention, The HE staining was used to observe the changes of skin histomorphology in each group; ELISA was used to measure the contents of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17; Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of AQP3 in skin, lung and rectum.@*RESULTS@#Before the intervention, compared with the blank group, the EASI scores and TEWL were increased in the remaining groups (P<0.01), and the WCSC was decreased (P<0.01). After the intervention, compared with the model group, the EASI scores and TEWL were decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), and WCSC was increased (P<0.01) in the medication group and the acupuncture-moxibustion group. The epidermal structure in the blank group was complete and the fibers in the dermis were arranged orderly; in the model group, epidermal hyperkeratosis, proliferation of granular layer, spinous cell layer and basal layer, and disordered arrangement of dermal fibers and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed. The morphological performance in the medication group and the acupuncture-moxibustion group was better than that in the model group. Compared with the blank group, the contents of serum IgE and IL-17 were increased (P<0.01), and the content of serum IL-4 and the protein expression of AQP3 in skin, lung and rectum were decreased in the model group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the contents of serum IgE and IL-17 were decreased and the contents of serum IL-4 were increased in the medication group and the acupuncture-moxibustion group (P<0.01), and the protein expression of AQP3 in skin, lung and rectum in the acupuncture- moxibustion group were increased (P<0.05). Compared with the medication group, the contents of serum IgE and IL-17 were increased (P<0.01), and the content of serum IL-4 was decreased (P<0.01) in the acupuncture-moxibustion group.@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture and moxibustion could improve the epidermal water metabolism and skin tissue morphology in guinea pigs with eczema of skin damp-heat accumulation. Its mechanism may be related to regulating inflammatory factors, up-regulating the expression of AQP3, and then repairing the skin barrier function.

Proteomics for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Alzheimer's disease （AD） is currently the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by insidious onset and slow progression， which has seriously endangered the physical and mental health of the elderly. It is therefore very important to carry out the early diagnosis and active prevention and treatment. Biomarkers are essential for its diagnosis. Looking for ideal biomarkers is helpful for early identification of this disease. The prevention and treatment of AD with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has always been a hot spot in scientific research due to good safety and small side effects. Proteomics is an advanced omics technology that enables the identification and characterization of proteins. Its high-throughput， dynamic， and comprehensive characteristics coincide with the concept of holism emphasized in TCM diagnosis and treatment， which makes proteomics suitable for identifying biomarkers with diagnostic potential， objectifying TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment， and developing new Chinese medicinal prescriptions for precise and targeted treatment. Although the proteomics technology is becoming increasingly mature， it still faces challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of AD. There exist such shortcomings as high heterogeneity and poor reproducibility of protein omics results， requirement for the combination with other advanced omics technologies， and high sequencing cost. In the future， the protein omics technology should be constantly updated and optimized to boost precision medicine， disease prevention， and drug research and development. This paper retrieved related articles from Pubmed， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and reviewed the application of proteomics in the early diagnosis of AD and its prevention and treatment with TCM in recent years， in order to provide reference for the in-depth study of AD diagnosis as well as its prevention and treatment with TCM.

Military-related posttraumatic stress disorder and mindfulness meditation: A systematic review and meta-analysis / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant global mental health concern, especially in the military. This study aims to estimate the efficacy of mindfulness meditation in the treatment of military-related PTSD, by synthesizing evidences from randomized controlled trials.@*METHODS@#Five electronic databases (Pubmed, EBSCO Medline, Embase, PsychINFO and Cochrane Library) were searched for randomized controlled trials focusing on the treatment effect of mindfulness meditation on military-related PTSD. The selection of eligible studies was based on identical inclusion and exclusion criteria. Information about study characteristics, participant characteristics, intervention details, PTSD outcomes, as well as potential adverse effects was extracted from the included studies. Risk of bias of all the included studies was critically assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. R Statistical software was performed for data analysis.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1902 records were initially identified and screened. After duplicates removal and title & abstract review, finally, 19 articles in English language with 1326 participants were included through strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results revealed that mindfulness meditation had a significantly larger effect on alleviating military-related PTSD symptoms compared with control conditions, such as treatment as usual, present-centered group therapy and PTSD health education (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.33; 95% CI [-0.45, -0.21]; p < 0.0001). Mindfulness interventions with different control conditions (active or non-active control, SMD = -0.33, 95% CI [-0.46, -0.19]; SMD = -0.49, 95% CI [-0.88, -0.10], respectively), formats of delivery (group-based or individual-based, SMD = -0.30, 95% CI [-0.42, -0.17], SMD = -0.49, 95% CI [-0.90, -0.08], respectively) and intervention durations (short-term or standard duration, SMD = -0.27, 95% CI [-0.46, -0.08], SMD = -0.40, 95% CI [-0.58, -0.21], respectively) were equally effective in improving military-related PTSD symptoms.@*CONCLUSION@#Findings from this meta-analysis consolidate the efficacy and feasibility of mindfulness meditation in the treatment of military-related PTSD. Further evidence with higher quality and more rigorous design is needed in the future.

PTSD: Past, present and future implications for China / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

There has been a long history since human beings began to realize the existence of post-traumatic symptoms. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a diagnostic category adopted in 1980 in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Ⅲ, described typical clusters of psychiatric symptoms occurring after traumatic events. Abundant researches have helped deepen the understanding of PTSD in terms of epidemiological features, biological mechanisms, and treatment options. The prevalence of PTSD in general population ranged from 6.4% to 7.8% and was significantly higher among groups who underwent major public traumatic events. There has been a long way in the studies of animal models and genetic characteristics of PTSD. However, the high comorbidity with other stress-related psychiatric disorders and complexity in the pathogenesis of PTSD hindered the effort to find specific biological targets for PTSD. Neuroimage was widely used to elucidate the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of PTSD. Functional MRI studies have showed that PTSD was linked to medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and sub-cortical structures like amygdala and hippocampus, and to explore the functional connectivity among these brain areas which might reveal the possible neurobiological mechanism related to PTSD symptoms. For now, cognitive behavior therapy-based psychotherapy, including combination with adjunctive medication, showed evident treatment effects on PTSD. The emergence of more effective PTSD pharmacotherapies awaits novel biomarkers from further fundamental research. Several natural disasters and emergencies have inevitably increased the possibility of suffering from PTSD in the last two decades, making it critical to strengthen PTSD research in China. To boost PTSD study in China, the following suggestions might be helpful: (1) establishing a national psychological trauma recover project, and (2) exploring the mechanisms of PTSD with joint effort and strengthening the indigenized treatment of PTSD.

Sudden unexpected postnatal collapse in a neonate / 中国当代儿科杂志

A healthy full-term female neonate, aged 3 days and born by vaginal delivery (with a 1-minute Apgar score of 10 and a 5-minute Apgar score of 10), had unexpected cardiac and respiratory arrests in the early morning on day 3 after birth and recovered to spontaneous breathing and heartbeat after a 10-minute resuscitation. The child had poor response and convulsion after resuscitation. Blood gas analysis showed metabolic acidosis, and amplitude-integrated EEG showed a burst-suppression pattern. She was diagnosed with sudden unexpected postnatal collapse but improved after hypothermia and symptomatic/supportive treatment. This article reports the first case of sudden unexpected postnatal collapse in China and summarizes related risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, and preventive and treatment measures of this disorder.

The Effectiveness of Postoperative Chemotherapyon pT1bN0 and pT2N0 Gastric Cancer Patients withRisk Factors: An International Dual-Center Analysis

Purpose@#This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of postoperative chemotherapy in pT1bN0 and pT2N0 gastric cancer patients with high risk factors. @*Materials and Methods@#Clinicopathological data of gastric cancer patients, who had undergone gastrectomy in high volume centers in Korea and China and were finally diagnosed with pT1bN0 and pT2N0 between 2006 and 2010, were analyzed retrospectively. Survival analyses stratified by risk factors and multivariable analyses were performed. @*Results@#A total of 1509 patients were enrolled, with 41 (2.7%) patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy after gastrectomy and 1468 (97.3%) patients undergoing surgery alone. The adjuvant chemotherapy group showed higher percentages of tumor with maximal diameter >3 cm (51.2% vs. 25.8%), poor differentiation (68.3% vs. 49.8%), and less harvested lymph nodes (17.1% vs. 5.2%) compared to the surgery alone group. The overall survival rates were 95.1% in the adjuvant chemotherapy group and 93.3% in the surgery alone group, without significant difference. In multivariable analysis, age was found to be an independent prognostic factor. However, there were no difference in the overall survival between patients with risk factors and those without risk factors, even in terms of age. Meanwhile, patients with more than two risk factors who received chemotherapy showed better survival trend, especially for pT2N0 patients, compared to the surgery alone group, although no significant differences were observed. @*Conclusion@#In pT1bN0 and pT2N0 patients, age was found to be an independent prognostic factor. However, adjuvant chemotherapy seemed to be unnecessary, while postoperative chemotherapy might offer survival benefits to pT2N0 patients with more than two risk factors.

Clinical evaluation of Compound Chamomile and Lidocaine Hydrochloride Gel for postoperative hypospadias in children / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Compound Chamomile and Lidocaine Hydrochloride Gel for postoperative hypospadias in children.@*METHODS@#From January to December 2020, we treated 116 children with distal hypospadias in the Department of Urology, Department of Pediatrics and the Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, 58 by primary Snodgrass urethroplasty only (the control group) and the other 58 with Compound Chamomile and Lidocaine Hydrochloride Gel smeared on the penis postoperatively in addition (the trial group). We compared the operation time and postoperative pain score, edema regression and incidence of infection between the two groups, followed by statistical analysis using T test and Chi-square test.@*RESULTS@#All the operations were successfully completed by the same surgeon under general anesthesia. There were no statistically significant differences between the trial and control groups in age (［2.5 ± 0.8］ vs ［2.4 ± 0.6］ yr, P > 0.05) or operation time (［95.6 ± 14.5］ vs ［97.1 ± 15.2］ min, P > 0.05). No incision infection occurred in any of the cases. The pain scores at dressing removal were remarkably lower in the trial than in the control group at 2 hours (1.4 ± 1.0 vs 2.6 ± 1.3, P < 0.05), 24 hours (2.2 ± 1.3 vs 3.9 ± 1.6, P < 0.05), 48 hours (1.2 ± 0.7 vs 1.6 ± 0.9, P < 0.05) and 72 hours after surgery (2.5 ± 0.8 vs 3.7 ± 1.8, P < 0.05). Significantly more cases of edema regression were achieved in the trial than in the control group at 2 weeks postoperatively (35 vs 19, P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compound Chamomile and Lidocaine Hydrochloride Gel can effectively relieve pain, reduce edema and accelerate edema regression after surgery in children with hypospadias, and therefore deserves wide clinical application.、.

A clinical epidemiological investigation of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome in southwest Hubei, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical features and outcome of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in southwest Hubei, China.@*METHODS@#According to the Montreux definition of neonatal ARDS, a retrospective clinical epidemiological investigation was performed on the medical data of neonates with ARDS who were admitted to Department of Neonatology/Pediatrics in 17 level 2 or level 3 hospitals in southwest Hubei from January to December, 2017.@*RESULTS@#A total of 7 150 neonates were admitted to the 17 hospitals in southwest Hubei during 2017 and 66 (0.92%) were diagnosed with ARDS. Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 23 (35%) had mild ARDS, 28 (42%) had moderate ARDS, and 15 (23%) had severe ARDS. The main primary diseases for neonatal ARDS were perinatal asphyxia in 23 neonates (35%), pneumonia in 18 neonates (27%), sepsis in 12 neonates (18%), and meconium aspiration syndrome in 10 neonates (15%). Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 10 neonates (15%) were born to the mothers with an age of ≥35 years, 30 neonates (45%) suffered from intrauterine distress, 32 neonates (49%) had a 1-minute Apgar score of 0 to 7 points, 24 neonates (36%) had abnormal fetal heart monitoring results, and 21 neonates (32%) experienced meconium staining of amniotic fluid. Intraventricular hemorrhage was the most common comorbidity (12 neonates), followed by neonatal shock (9 neonates) and patent ductus arteriosus (8 neonates). All 66 neonates with ARDS were treated with mechanical ventilation in addition to the treatment for primary diseases. Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 10 died, with a mortality rate of 15% (10/66), and 56 neonates were improved or cured, with a survival rate of 85% (56/66).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Neonatal ARDS in southwest Hubei is mostly mild or moderate. Perinatal asphyxia and infection may be the main causes of neonatal ARDS in this area. Intraventricular hemorrhage is the most common comorbidity. Neonates with ARDS tend to have a high survival rate after multimodality treatment.

Effect of Yiqi Huoxue Recipe on Oxidative Stress Response in Rats with Cerebral Ischemia Injury Based on Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of Yiqi Huoxue recipe on rats with cerebral ischemia injury by using oxidative stress injury as an entry point. Method:SD rats were randomly divided into model group, sham operation group, nimodipine group (20 mg·kg-1), Yiqi Huoxue recipe high, medium and low dose group (2.916,1.458,0.729 g·kg-1). After 14 days of stomach, acute cerebral ischemic injury model was established by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries. Ultrasound of synapse was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and dialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), horizontal adenine nucleoside triphosphate (ATP) levels were detected by biochemical method. Western blot and Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein and mRNA in the ischemic cortex of rats. Result:Transmission electron microscopy showed that Yiqi Huoxue recipe had a significant improvement on the degree of cerebral ischemic injury. Compared with sham operation group, MDA levels in the brain homogenate of model group increased significantly, T-SOD and GSH-Px levels were significantly decreased (P+-K+-ATP ase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP ase and ATP was significantly decreased (PPPPP+-K+-ATP ase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP ase and total ATP activity(PPPPPPConclusion:Yiqi Huoxue recipe may protect against cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting oxidative stress through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

A new antioxidant flavonoid glycoside from flowers of Hosta plantaginea / 中国中药杂志

Phytochemical investigation of the flowers of Hosta plantaginea led to isolate of one new flavonoid glycoside,plantanone C( 1) by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and RP-HPLC column chromatographies. Its structure was extensively determined on basis of HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic data. Compound 1 exhibited moderate antioxidant activity against DPPH radical scavenging activity,with an IC50 value of 240. 2 μmol·L~(-1).

Psychotherapy of posttraumatic stress disorder: A review of randomized controlled trials in 5 years / 解放军医学杂志

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that occurs after a traumatic event. The core symptoms of PTSD are intrusiveness of traumatic event, avoidance of trauma-related stimulus, negative change of cognition, hypervigilance, and extreme behavior, et al. PTSD is highly relevant to war: The prevalence of PTSD ranged from 10%-13% among veterans who had combat experience. PTSD can severely impair individual function of work, family, intimacy and social life in a long time. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD varies from 1.3% to 12.2%. Therefore, finding effective treatment of PTSD has always been an important field in research. This article has a comprehensive review and summary of randomized control trials focused on PTSD psychotherapies in recent 5 years. The results indicate that: 1) Compared with traditional exposure therapy and non-exposure therapy, prolonged exposure had some advantages in treating PTSD. Modified prolonged exposure (PE) is also effective to PTSD. 2) In trials comparing PE with traditional PTSD drugs, PE was non-inferior to drugs in treatment effect. 3) When compared with control group, PE demonstrated considerable outcomes in alleviating PTSD symptoms. In conclusion, PE is an evidently effective psychotherapy for PTSD. Efforts should be made in enhancing therapeutic effect and decrease dropout rate by innovating and improving implements, assessing patients before treatment, and carrying out personalized treatment, et al.

Digital design of functional surgery for odontogenic cyst intruding into maxillary sinus / Desenho digital de cirurgia funcional para cisto odontogênico intrusivo em seio maxilar

Abstract Introduction Traditional Caldwell-Luc approach needs modifications for odontogenic cysts intruding into the maxillary sinus, to preserve sinus mucosa and bony contour. Recently, digital technology has been widely applied to the field of maxillofacial surgery, guiding the surgical plan and improving its accuracy. Objective This study attempted to present and evaluate the functional surgery of odontogenic cysts intruding into the maxillary sinus using a computer-assisted pre-surgical design. Methods Consecutive patients with odontogenic cysts intruding into the posterior part of the maxillary sinus were enrolled. Method I "Bony wall reimplantation method" was performed for large lesions exceeding the zygomatic alveolar crest but without apparent bone destruction of the anterior wall of the sinus, while Method II "bone removal method" was more convenient for small lesions near to the zygomatic alveolar crest. The gap was filled with a pedicled buccal fat pad after lesion removal and all cases were without inferior meatal antrostomy. Results A total of 45 cases were included in the study. 22 were operated using method I while 23 were operated with method II. Operations were completed in 20 min. Pain disappeared in 3.62 days on average, and swelling 6.47 days. Nasal bleeding occurred in 8 patients lasting 1-3 days. Suppurative inflammation was observed in 1 patient, and infection occurred after bone reposition. Other repositioned free bony wall was without resorption in CT images. Conclusions Sinus mucosa and bony wall should be conserved. Preoperative digital design can guide osteotomy effectively during the surgery. Bone reposition is not suitable for suppurative inflammation. The pedicled buccal fat pad is enough for drainage and inferior meatal antrostomy is not necessary.

Resumo Introdução A abordagem tradicional de Caldwell-Luc precisa de modificações para os cistos odontogênicos que se introduzem no seio maxilar, para preservar a mucosa sinusal e o contorno ósseo. Recentemente, a tecnologia digital tem sido amplamente aplicada ao campo da cirurgia maxilofacial, orienta o plano cirúrgico e melhora sua precisão. Objetivo Esse estudo teve como objetivo apresentar e avaliar a cirurgia funcional de cistos odontogênicos intrusivos no seio maxilar utilizando um desenho pré-cirúrgico assistido por computador. Método Foram recrutados pacientes consecutivos com cistos odontogênicos intrusivos na parte posterior do seio maxilar. O método I, "método de reimplante de parede óssea", foi feito em lesões grandes que excediam a crista zigomático-alveolar, mas sem destruição óssea aparente da parede anterior do seio, enquanto o método II, "método de remoção óssea", foi mais conveniente para pequenas lesões próximas à crista zigomático-alveolar. O espaço foi preenchido com um retalho pediculado do corpo adiposo bucal após a remoção da lesão e todos os casos foram feitos sem antrostomia meatal inferior. Resultados Um total de 45 casos foram incluídos no estudo. Vinte e dois foram submetidos à cirurgia utilizando-se o método I, enquanto que 23 foram submetidos ao método II. As operações foram concluídas em 20 minutos. A dor desapareceu em média após 3,62 dias, e o edema, depois de 6,47 dias. Hemorragia nasal ocorreu em 8 pacientes com duração de 1 a 3 dias. Processo supurativa foi observado em 1 paciente ocorrendo após a reposição óssea. Outros retalhos reposicionados livres da parede óssea não mostraram reabsorção em imagens de TC. Conclusões A mucosa sinusal e a parede óssea devem ser preservadas; o desenho digital pré-operatório pode orientar a osteotomia de forma eficaz durante a cirurgia; a reposição óssea não é adequada em processos supurativos. O retalho pediculado de corpo adiposo bucal é suficiente para a drenagem e antrostomia meatal inferior não é necessária.

Imaging measurement and clinical significance of occipitocervical angle in healthy people at different ages / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure imaging data of occipitocervical angle in healthy people at different ages by X-ray.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and fifty asymptomatic volunteers(75 males and 75 females) aged from 20 and 70 years old with an average of(44.83±13.88) years old were divided into 5 groups according to different ages(20 to 29 years old, 30 to 39 years old, 40 to 49 years old, 50 to 59 years old and 60 to 70 years old), and 30 people in each group. All people underwent lateral radiography of neck on neutral position. McGregor line (the lowest connection line between upper margin of hard palate and occipital scales of plating), occipitocervical angle(OCA) formed by edge of C2 vertebral body, takami's occipitocervical angle formed between connection line of posterior marginal of C2 vertebral body and parallel lines of hard palate were collected. The data were performed statistical analysis according to gender and different ages, and analyzed correlation between OCA and TOCA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>OCA of 75 males at different ages were (14.71±3.09)° and(14.22±4.27)° in 75 females. TOCA of 75 males at different ages were (90.50±4.63)° and (90.57±6.67) ° in 75 females. There were no statistical difference in OCA and TOCA in people at different ages(<0.05). There were no significant meaning among 5 groups at different ages in OCA and TOCA(>0.05). The relation analysis results showed positive correlation between OCA and TOCA(=0.454, <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The paper provided normal values for occipitocervical angle in population of southwestern China between 20 and 70 years old, and results may be useful for posterior occipitocervical fixation and fusion.</p>

Biomechanical study of the stability of subaxial cervical anterior transpedicular screw fixation for three-column injury / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the stability of subaxial cervical anterior transpedicular screw(ATPS) fixation and three traditional fixations for three-column injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six specimens of cervical spine were prepared. After measurememt of the range of motion(ROM) in intact state, the specimens were made into three-column injury models. The models were reconstructed with an anterior cervical cage, and stabilized by ATPS, anterior plate(AP), anterior plate + lateral mass screw(AP+LMS) and posterior transpedicular screw(PTPS). The ROM of the models in the four states were measured, and the results of data were compared after standardization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The normalized ROM of ATPS state in flexion-extension, lateral bending, axial rotation were(77.17±4.75)%, (82.00±2.61)%, (83.17±2.23)%, which were significant small than those in intact state(<0.05). The normalized ROM of AP state in flexion-extension, lateral bending, axial rotation were(119.67±7.42)%, (116.33±7.53)%, (112.67±5.99)% , which were significant larger than those in intact state(<0.05). The normalized ROM of AP in all directions were significant larger than those of ATPS(<0.05). There was no significant difference between normalized ROM of PTPS state and those of ATPS state in flexion-extension and lateral bending(>0.05). The normalized ROM of PTPS state in axial rotation was(6.83±2.48)% and was significant larger than that of ATPS state(=0.009). The normalized ROM of AP+LMS state in flexion-extension was(68.50±2.43)%, which was significant smaller than that of ATPS state(=0.003). There was no significant difference between the normalized ROM of AP+LMS state and those of ATPS state in lateral bending and axial rotation(>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Subaxial cervical three-column injury model reconstruction by ATPS can provide the adequate primary stability, of which biomechanics property is superior compared to AP and PTPS, and is similar to that of AP+LMS. It can be applied to the patients with no need to decompression and reduction through posterior approach.</p>

Diagnostic values of prealbumin and retinol-binding protein for liver damage caused by different degrees of neonatal asphyxia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the diagnostic values of prealbumin (PAB) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) for liver damage caused by mild or severe asphyxia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed on 185 neonates (including 84 premature infants and 101 full-term infants) with asphyxia. Based on the Apgar score, they were divided into two groups: mild asphyxia group (n=150) and severe asphyxia group (n=35). The levels of PAB, RBP, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured and compared. Their diagnostic values for liver damage were evaluated by ROC curve analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The premature infants in the severe asphyxia group had significantly higher AST level and significantly lower levels of PAB and RBP than those in the mild asphyxia group (P<0.05). The full-term infants in the severe asphyxia group had a significantly lower PAB level than those in the mild asphyxia group (P<0.05). After treatment, the PAB level was significantly improved in the premature infants in the severe asphyxia group and in the full-term infants in both mild and severe asphyxia group (P<0.05). The full-term infants in the mild asphyxia groups also showed a significant improvement in AST level (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that PAB had a good sensitivity and specificity for identifying liver damage caused by mild or severe asphyxia in full-term and preterm infants.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PAB can be used as an indicator of liver damage caused by asphyxia in neonates, and can be used to assess the degree of asphyxia.</p>

A highly efficient approach to introduction of the single-base mutation in a plasmid containing adenovirus genome through Red recombination / 军事医学

Objective To construct a highly efficient approach to the introduction of the single-base mutation in a plasmid containing the adenovirus whole genome larger than 40 kb.Methods The target DNA with a mutation site was achieved by over-lapping PCR.The large plasmid with adenovirus genome and target DNA were co-transformed into Escherichia coli strain DY330 carrying a high rate Red recombination system.The positive clone was selected via colony PCR in combination with enzyme identification.The site-mutation large plasmid was transformed into E.coli strain DH10B in which the backbone of the large plasmid remained was stable.Results Two mutations were continuously introduced into the adenovirus genome,the location of which was pos.9171 and pos.24410 respectively.The integrality and stability of the plasmid backbone were verified by enzyme cutting identification.The two mutations on the plasmid were verified by DNA sequencing.Conclusion An efficient approach to the introduction of the single-base mutation in positions 9171 and 24410 from the adenovirus genome which was integrated into a plasmid is successfully established.The positive selection efficiency ranges from 5%to 15%.The construction of the approach will facilitate the study of adenovirus infection mechanism.

Analysis of clinical effects of absorbable hemostatic fluid gelatin and absorbable gelatin sponge on the hemostasis during operation of unilateral open-door cervical expansive laminoplasty / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the hemostatic effect between absorbable hemostatic fluid gelatin (HFG) and absorbable gelatin sponge(GS) during operation of unilateral open-door cervical expansive laminoplasty.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 83 patients underwent unilateral open-door cervical expansive laminoplasty from February 2014 to May 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the used hemostatic materials, patients were divided into two groups. In HFG group, there were 30 males and 11 females, ranging in age from 29 to 81 years, with an average of(55.6±11.6)years; 14 cases were simple cervical spinal stenosis, 9 were cervical spinal stenosis and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament, and 18 were cervical spinal stenosis complicated with multiple cervical disc herniation. And in GS group, there were 32 males and 10 females, ranging in age from 36 to 78 years, with an average of (55.4±11.1) years; 12 cases were simple cervical spinal stenosis, 10 were cervical spinal stenosis complicated with ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament, and 20 were cervical spinal stenosis complicated with multiple cervical disc herniation. There was no significant difference in the age, gender, and disease categories of patients between two groups (>0.05). The operative time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative drainage, and postoperative complications were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average operative time, intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative drainage in HFG group were(137.2±30.0) min, (156.1±74.6) ml, and (212.1±67.6) ml, respectively; and in GS group were (154.8±33.5) min, (242.9±120.7) ml, and(303.3±115.5) ml, respectively. There were significantly differences in above items between two groups(<0.05). No acute heamatoma or related complications was found postoperatively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with GS, HFG can obviously decrease operative time, intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative drainage. It is a safe and effective hemostatic material for the operation of unilateral open-door cervical expansive laminoplasty.</p>

Role of miRNA-210 in hypoxic-ischemic brain edema in neonatal rats / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of miRNA-210 in hypoxic-ischemic brain edema in neonatal rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 80 neonatal rats were randomly divided into control group, normal saline group, miRNA-210 expression inhibition group, and miRNA-210 overexpression group, with 20 rats in each group. Each group was randomly divided into sham-operation group and hypoxia-ischemia (HI) group, with 10 rats in each group. The neonatal rats in the HI group were treated with ligation of the left common carotid artery and then put in a hypoxia cabin with mixed gas of 8% O2 and 92% N2 for 2 hours; those in the sham-operation group were treated with isolation of the left common carotid artery only, without ligation or hypoxia treatment. After HI or sham-operation, the rats in the normal saline group, miRNA-210 expression inhibition group, and miRNA-210 overexpression group were intracranially injected with normal saline (2.5 mg/kg), miRNA-210 inhibitor (2.5 mg/kg), and miRNA-210 mimic (2.5 mg/kg) respectively. No treatment was given to the rats in the control group. The rats were sacrificed three days later, and the left brain tissue was harvested. Fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to measure the expression of miRNA-210; the dry-wet weight method was used to measure the water content of brain tissue; hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the histomorphological changes in the brain.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The HI groups showed significant reductions in the expression of miRNA-210 and significant increases in the water content of brain tissue compared with the corresponding sham-operation groups (P<0.05). Compared with the normal saline HI group, the miRNA-210 expression inhibition HI group showed a significant reduction in the expression of miRNA-210 and a significant increase in the water content of brain tissue (P<0.05), and the miRNA-210 overexpression HI group showed a significant increase in the expression of miRNA-210 and a significant reduction in the water content of brain tissue (P<0.05). The results of hematoxylin and eosin staining suggested that the miRNA-210 expression inhibition HI group showed marked edema, and the miRNA-210 overexpression HI group showed a significant improvement in edema.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Neonatal rats show down-regulated expression of miRNA-210 after HI, suggesting that miRNA-210 may be involved in the development and progression of hypoxic-ischemic brain edema in neonatal rats.</p>

Diagnostic value of prealbumin for severe necrotizing enterocolitis / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical features of severe neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and to investigate the diagnostic value of prealbumin (PA) in neonates with severe NEC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data and results of routine blood test and blood biochemical test of 40 neonates with NEC (29 neonates with NEC II and 11 with NEC III) were analyzed. The multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were applied to investigate the value of PA in the diagnosis of severe NEC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PA was an important index for the diagnosis of severe NEC (≥IIB). The ROC analysis showed that in the diagnosis of severe NEC (≥IIB), PA had high sensitivity (0.870) and specificity (0.647).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PA has a good value in the diagnosis of severe NEC.</p>

Changes of Regulatory T Cells in the Early Stage of Obesity Mice and Their Modulation on Macrophage Subtypes in Visceral Adipose Tissue / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the changes of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and whether Tregs can modulate the distribution of macrophage subtypes in visceral adipose tissue in the early stage of obesity.Methods After C57BL/6 mice obesity models were successfully established,metabolic parameters and numbers of Tregs and M1/M2 macrophage were measured at 4,10,and 20 weeks.The changes of metabolic parameters and adipose tissue inflammation in obesity mice after rapamycin intervention were evaluated. Results The early-stage obesity models were successfully established.Compared with normal diet mice,high fat diet mice had significantly higher epididymal adipose tissue mass and serum leptin levels(P<0.05).However,there was no statistical difference in blood glucose and insulin levels between these two groups(All P>0.05). Macrophages infiltration in adipose tissue in high fat diet mice gradually increased with time,coincident with decrease in Treg numbers. Increased numbers of Treg,improved metabolic parameters,and decreased ratio of M1/M2 can be seen after rapamycin intervention in mice.Conclusion The decrease of Tregs in the early stage of obesity may contribute to abnormal distribution of macrophage subtypes in visceral adipose.